A Serious Man: On Bruno Latour
63 points by Thevet 8 days ago | 49 comments
  • ciconia 5 days ago |
    > The wine of Burgundy was a network of agents, only conventionally sorted into the human-artificial and the non-human natural, but so too was the landscape of Burgundy, and so too was any countryside.

    I like to think we humans are also part of nature, therefore our work, and our creations, cannot be so clearly separated from nature. In the same manner, the work of bees and ants can also be called artificial, in the sense that they practice a craft and manipulate the natural world around them. For me it's all on the same spectrum.

    • sdbrown 5 days ago |
      Wasn't this part of the base thesis of "We Have Never Been Modern"?
  • smokel 5 days ago |
    > Much of his writing resists analysis while encouraging repetition and undeformed travel.

    Sums it up pretty nicely. I have no clue what "undeformed travel" means, which is a nice reference to how his writing resists analysis. His writing does seem to encourage repetition in a lot of people who are not into logic or proper reasoning.

    If you say a lot, keep things extremely vague, and change definitions as you go, you attract a lot of people who think, "Hey, this is exactly what I was pondering about," but you also oppose those who think, "Hey, you are not making any sense." I tried to find a middle ground because the subject matter Latour talked about seems very important to our society, but until now, I have consistently failed to like his way of philosophizing.

    • currymj 5 days ago |
      I think "undeformed travel" means that when people quote it or refer to it, they tend not to change his original words.
      • dmvdoug 5 days ago |
        Yup, I agree. Shaping is commenting there about Latour being memorably aphoristic.
    • dmvdoug 5 days ago |
      Latour’s not so hard to grok, certainly much easier than the Deleuzes and Derridas of the world. Approach his work as more or less philosophical anthropology rather than, like, pure philosophy. Indeed, humans a situated in overlapping spaces and how we make meaning in those spaces is at the heart of his work, from Lab Life through Actor Network Theory. What makes him easier to grok, and set him a little bit apart, is that he steadfastly refused to deny that there was a reality other than the socially constructed ones we make/negotiate. So you have to really pay attention to particular contexts and study it very carefully in order to understand what’s happening in that space. It’s not just social constructivism all the way down.

      (He was famous for Lab Life, of course, but he did the exact same sort of detailed anthropological-philosophical analysis of French courts too.)

      • bananamerica 5 days ago |
        Deleuze is a fairly traditional philosopher once you get to know him. Derrida kinda wants to burn the very things he needs to convey ideas, so understanding Derrida feels like something Derrida wouldn't approve.
        • dmvdoug 5 days ago |
          Honestly, the only thing I really remember from reading Deleuze was giving up on trying to get what “the Fold” was.
        • beezlebroxxxxxx 5 days ago |
          Derrida is not even particularly difficult to understand (compared to later era Wittgenstein, he's downright straightforward) --- if you read him in french he's actually really funny (the man loved puns).

          There's this idea in popular culture that he only wrote incomprehensible nonsense, which is just not true, and he's become a punching bag for some people who cannot handle the (somewhat made-up) "continental v. analytic" divide.

          • bananamerica 5 days ago |
            I actually read Derrida in my time with the literature department so there was no analytics vs continentals struggle going on at all.
          • dmvdoug 5 days ago |
            Yes, Derrida is fine if you’re just in it for wordplay. But it has always struck me that that’s about all there is to it. I don’t take him/deconstructionism seriously though beyond that. It was a cul-de-sac that was finally escaped.

            I say this as someone who loves both Gadamer and Quine, not an erstwhile philosophical culture warrior.

            • dmvdoug 5 days ago |
              By the way, I’d make a similar criticism of, for example, later Heidegger. At some point he collapses into a kind of solipsistic logorrhea. Sein and Zeit and his lectures from the 1920s, though, had real philosophical meat on the bone (this is not an endorsement of his views, by the way; I think he was just wrong about some stuff, like getting the ontological priority of ready-to-hand and present-at-hand exactly backwards—-but early Heidegger is philosophically substantive and engaging in ways later Heidegger absolutely isn’t).
              • beezlebroxxxxxx 5 days ago |
                I agree with pretty much everything you written here. I think Wittgenstein (PI era) is the only convincing philosopher working in a similar "method" and for similar aims.
              • ValentinA23 5 days ago |
                Maybe it's precisely wordplay that is at stake here. Heidegger is no less stranger to it than Derrida. In fact a lot of his philosophical complexes are grounded explicitly into etymology and new ways to hear old words.

                Concerning Heidegger I stand in the opposite corner of the room: I liked his later writings more and despite having read him profusely, I'm not able to articulate his thoughts like you did by contrasting present-at-hand with ready-at-hand which however pinpoints very well the divide between analytical and continental thought.

                You're right to say that he "collapses into a kind of solipsistic logorrhea", and it is pertinent to what we are discussing since in heideggerian terms this should be expressed as "language bringing language to language through language".

                An example: the linguistic proximity between explicate vs implicate that is another instance of the ready-to-hand vs present-at-hand dichotomy.

                • dmvdoug 5 days ago |
                  Hey, thanks for your comment. It was a surprising and interesting perspective to hear.
      • ttoinou 5 days ago |
        I read two thirds of "Changer de société, refaire de la sociologie" and it was a hard read, most of what he wrote didn't make sense or wasn't well illustrated. It didn't seem like he wanted me to understand his points, nor take me on a laborious journey where my way of seeing things would be transformed
        • dmvdoug 5 days ago |
          I feel like that’s a fairly dense, technical point of entry for his work, since he’s explicitly trying to set up an alternative theoretical framework for his brand of sociological/anthropological philosophy. Did you read Lab Life?
          • ttoinou 5 days ago |
            Nope ! It's not on my reading list
            • dmvdoug 5 days ago |
              Fair enough: so little time, so much to read.

              I was just wondering if you had found it to be tough sledding, if you had read it.

              • ttoinou 5 days ago |
                I have to admit, I have no idea how I came across this book from Latour, I guess I just liked the title. But the one you quoted looks interesting beyond just the title
      • calf 5 days ago |
        Or Latour and the others really are just pseudo thinkers, maybe they have some things to say but it is muddied and bloated by all the wrong (Not Even Wrong) things they are saying, and history might judge the French postmodernists for taking the wrong path.

        I say this as someone who used to be partial toward postmodernist texts, and defended them using arguments similar to yours (they should be understood in this other way!), but I eventually, finally moved on, and I (in my opinion) deem them to be at their worst harmful to critical thinking.

        Regarding Latour specifically there is hate-paper on his work, a professor published a paper describing exactly why Latour is problematic bullshit.

    • ValentinA23 5 days ago |
      I think what bothers you is the poetical aspect of this text (in the sense of Jakobson's function of language, which boils down to, quoting wikipedia, focusing on "the message for its own sake"). This seems to fit what is said elsewhere in the article:

      >He protested that religion really has “nothing to do with belief” but “everything to do with Words—the Logos or Spirit that transform the life of those you address.”

      This feeling may be aggravated by the use of phrases such as "network of agents" which lie somewhere between scientific jargon and poetical language. Since the whole sentence seem to touch about this aspect I'm going to quote it:

      >The wine of Burgundy was a network of agents, only conventionally sorted into the human-artificial and the non-human natural, but so too was the landscape of Burgundy, and so too was any countryside

      Maybe I could recommend you to read Heidegger's commentaries of Hölderlin's hymns ? This is a beautiful text that reaches a zone in language that had never been attained before. It starts with a discussion of what poetry is (neither its form or content) and slowly morphs Hölderlin "terminology" into philosophical discourse. Unique.

      Some quotes from the book [1]:

      >[...] how it is that this poetic, religious people [the Athenians] should also be a philosophical people, this I cannot see. Without poetry, I said, they would never even have been a philosophical people! [...]Poetry, I said, sure of my subject matter, is the beginning and end of such knowledge. Like Minerva from Jupiter’s head, it springs from the poetry of an infinite, divine way of beyng. And thus what is irreconcilable in the enigmatic source of poetry in the end comes together in it once again. [...] From mere intellect no philosophy can arise, for philosophy is more than just the limited cognition of what is present before us. From mere reason no philosophy can arise, for philosophy is more than the blind challenge of a never-ending progression in unifying and differentiating a possible subject matter.

      Hölderlin, as quoted by Heidegger.

      >Yet the only way in which we can attain the space of the poetry beyond the poem that lies present before us is the way in which the poet himself becomes master and servant of the poetry, namely, through a struggle. The struggle for the poetry in the poem is the struggle with ourselves, [...]. The struggle with ourselves, however, in no way means inspecting ourselves and dissecting our soul through some form of curiosity; nor does it mean some sort of remorseful ‘moral’ rebuke; this struggle with ourselves, rather, is a working our way through the poem. For the poem, after all, is not meant to disappear in the sense that we would think up a so-called spiritual content and meaning for the poem, bring it together into some ‘abstract’ truth, and in so doing cast aside the overarching resonance that oscillates in the word. To the contrary: The more powerfully the poetry comes to power, the more the telling of the word prevails in pressing upon us and tearing us away. And when it does so, the poem is no longer a thing lying present before us that can be read and listened to, as it appears initially whenever we regard language as a means of expression and reaching agreement—something that we have, as it were, in the same way that an automobile has its horn. It is not we who have language; rather, language has us, in a certain way.

      Heidegger

      [1]https://www.amazon.com/H%C3%B6lderlins-Germania-Studies-Cont...

    • spython 5 days ago |
      After having worked with Latour (for two years, on his last exhibition and my artistic research), I got the feeling that he is much more a speaking philosopher, rather than a writing one. I found his speeches easier to grok and, once I started treating his books as speeches, they too became easier to understand.

      Still, I remember proposing something more artistic for the exhibition, and he countered by saying that it would make things less clear, harder to understand. He was genuinely looking for ways to express ideas in ways that would make them easier to grasp. It's just that, for some things, the more direct way towards understanding might actually be the winded, poetic way.

  • BoingBoomTschak 5 days ago |
    Not again, please let me forget that my country spawned the worst kind of flim-flam nothing-to-say-but-in-a-lot-of-words intellectuals that would disgust any proper philosopher pondering about actually life relevant questions in clear language.

    "They muddy the water, to make it seem deep", as some mustachioed German once properly described.

    • sdbrown 5 days ago |
      Are you referring to Bruno Latour or the author of the post? If you're referring to Latour, I would strongly urge you to read "Laboratory Life", which is [as] clear and easy to read today as it was when I first encountered it nearly 20 years ago.
    • astrange 5 days ago |
      Latour actually kinda apologized for that.

      http://www.bruno-latour.fr/sites/default/files/89-CRITICAL-I...

      (You can tell he's a continental philosopher because this is five times as long as it should be due to every sentence being filled with synonyms.)

      Of course, he also once said that Ramses II couldn't have died of tuberculosis because science hadn't invented the concept of "dying of tuberculosis" yet.

  • pinewurst 5 days ago |
    Latour’s “Aramis, or The Love of Technology” is one of my favorite books. It’s the story, at many levels, of a personal transport system and more.
  • idoubtit 5 days ago |
    I can agree with the "lyrical philosopher" quote, but for anyone with a background in science that think that Bruno Latour was a "serious man", I suggest reading the book that made him famous: "Science in Action". It's so bad that it's funny. Out of his 7 rules for studying experimental science, the third one is outstanding:

    > Since the settlement of a controversy is the cause of Nature's representation, not its consequence, we can never use this consequence, Nature, to explain how and why a controversy has been settled. (Science in Action)

    Bruno Latour was among the selected few that were criticized in Sokal and Bricmont's "Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science".

    • libraryofbabel 5 days ago |
      Facile dismissal of a philosopher is easy. Understanding what they are trying to do, especially when it’s in a very different intellectual tradition from what you’re used to, is the hard thing. I could read Plato, Hegel, Wittgenstein, whoever, and pull the same trick you did by finding some provocative quote that’s impossible to put in context without a detailed explanation of what the guy was up to.

      For what it’s worth, I trained in theoretical physics and also read a fair bit of Latour later on. I don’t really like his work all that much, and wish he would be clearer sometimes, but the guy wasn’t an idiot, at least start from there.

      In philosophy the usual advice when approaching someone’s work for the first time is to suspend critique on the first reading and just try and take them seriously and understand what they were doing on their own terms. Then you can go back and apply the critical razor later. It’s a useful tool to apply to other areas of life too.

      • nradov 5 days ago |
        Why should anyone care what a philosopher was trying to do if he didn't actually do it any sort of useful way? Stupid is as stupid does.
        • maleno 5 days ago |
          Why would anyone care what, say, Charles Babbage was trying to do, when he didn't actually do it in any sort of useful way? Surely this is largely how knowledge is produced—over time, with lots of false starts, and language and technique that is not yet adequate to the problem at hand.
          • hardlianotion 4 days ago |
            I’m quite sure that Babbage is the wrong person to use to illustrate the point I think you are trying to make.
        • photonthug 5 days ago |
          Because you risk missing something interesting or important because of your own arrogance, which is tragic, and most likely reinforcing that arrogance, which is even more tragic.

          As the parent mentions, engaging with primary sources from a different historical or cultural context with some patience and forbearance is particularly important for understanding philosophical works, but it’s not that different for say mathematics or physics. Notation and terminology changes. With your attitude you’d probably assume archimedes, newton and Fibonacci were all stupid.

      • calf 5 days ago |
        This is actually one of those sophisticated bullshit meta arguments used to defend any sort of intellectual garbage. "You have to see things from their context, intentions, history". No, we do not. And there is no authority that says we must save/suspend our skepticism for later. In fact your entire argument is self contradictory in that respect, by positioning the OP as engaging in"facile dismissal" in the first place! Right? This is a precise example of the awful, pernicious mental gymnastics that bad philosophy produces. Someone well-read with advanced formal education should have realized that right away.
        • zamfi 5 days ago |
          Huh. No one is forcing you to do this. You are 100% free to not give even the slightest mind to Bruno Latour—or any other philosopher’s—writing.

          The point is only that it’s easy to dismiss most philosophy because it’s easy to take a common reading, interpret words in ways the author may not have intended, and make them into a contradiction or other ridiculousness—but in contrast it’s hard to do the work to understand the context in which the author is writing, what the author is responding to, and what the author actually is trying to say through those words.

          It’s fine to take the easy road here, it’s just not going to teach you anything most of the time—and nor is it going to convince those who’ve done the hard part of anything.

          • smokel 5 days ago |
            At the time I'm writing this, there are three similar replies that use an argument along the lines of "you can simply ignore Latour if you don't like his work". I'm just replying to the first comment.

            Unfortunately this argument is not correct. Many, many, people have read Latour, and he has influenced a lot of thought. Ignoring Latour would imply that you'd have to ignore quite a few other people as well, and that is near impossible.

            Ironically, it is Latour who writes about the connectedness of things in his "actor-network theory".

            Even more ironically, Latour tried to improve mutual understanding in his "Inquiry Into Modes of Existence" project, but apparently it is not that easy.

            It might be interesting to hear out the criticisms against Latour's way of reasoning, instead of dismissing it.

            • zamfi 5 days ago |
              > It might be interesting to hear out the criticisms against Latour's way of reasoning, instead of dismissing it.

              I’m not sure you read my post, it sounds like you just assumed its contents, which was not in fact about being free to ignore Latour, but about being free to critique him with or without an understanding of what he’s trying to say.

              If you read it you’d know that of course I’d be happy to hear out the criticisms against Latour’s reasoning, but they’ll be much more powerful if they come with an understanding of what he’s trying to say in the first place.

        • libraryofbabel 5 days ago |
          eh, I mean, you do you — nobody’s forcing you to sit down and read French Philosophy or anything. But this is a thread on Bruno Latour, and context, intentions, and history are useful for having a productive discussion about the guy. Some of us do find context, intentions, and history for major thinkers or philosophical movements interesting — that’s what TFA was about, after all.

          Make no mistake, “intellectual garbage” does exist. I’m not saying everything is equally valid. Furthermore, life is short and you don’t have to engage deeply with everything if it’s not your cup of tea. But if you do want to engage in a debate about a major thinker with long career and a serious body of work (which by the way is not comparable to engaging with a random short HN post), then people are more likely to listen to you if you make an effort to understand them.

        • beepbooptheory 5 days ago |
          What is at stake for you here? Where does the resentment come from? Like.. people write books, some people read them and get something out of them, whether something critical or something positive. Reading things you don't agree with can help you understand youself and your commitments better. No one is trying to pull a fast one on you specifically by writing a book.

          Like great, you are scientific realist, we get it. Congratulations. That's all it needs to be.

          I just don't know how you can even live a peaceful life just getting angry that there is "bad" philosophy out there. Who cares? The line between "good" philosophy and "bad" is fraught and has been talked about since there's been philosophy (in the West). Hence the figure of the sophist for Plato being absolutely essential.

          Imagine Socrates with no Thrasymachus. Nietzsche without Hegel. Wittgenstein without Russell. "Bad" philosophy is always only a future gift to a good one. We should be giddy in our tear downs of other thinkers, not angry and bitter.

          It just really doesn't make any sense to be like this!

          • astrange 5 days ago |
            > Imagine Socrates with no Thrasymachus. Nietzsche without Hegel. Wittgenstein without Russell. "Bad" philosophy is always only a future gift to a good one. We should be giddy in our tear downs of other thinkers, not angry and bitter.

            One thing I notice about philosophy, especially the continental kind, is that it often seems to consist entirely of listing the names of philosophers rather than answering questions.

            Although continental philosophy also likes writing the question 50 different ways instead of attempting to answer it; the usual claim is that this is because they're asking questions whose answers can't be expressed in language or something like that.

            • beepbooptheory 4 days ago |
              Just want to say thanks for taking the time to engage with what I said instead of just dancing around it to validate yourself. Because you said something substantial, I am now able to respond to it and, look at that, we have accomplished discourse.
          • jcelerier 5 days ago |
            > What is at stake for you here?

            Well, for instance in some circles quoting Latour and showing that you are fully in agreement with his work is a way to really improve your chances to get cold, hard grant money. I know a lot of students who are forced to read Latour through their class and have to take it pretty much as gospel, in Concordia University in Montreal.

            • beepbooptheory 4 days ago |
              That seems like something you should take up with the department in question. What a scandal!
    • codeulike 5 days ago |
      Sokal on Latour:

      "The basic trouble with much of Latour’s writings—as with those of some other sociologists and philosophers of a “social constructivist” bent—is that these texts are often ambiguous and can be read in at least two distinct ways: a “moderate” reading, which leads to claims that are either worth discussing or else true but trivial; and a “radical” reading, which leads to claims that are surprising but false. Unfortunately, the radical interpretation is often taken not only as the “correct” interpretation of the original text but also as a well-established fact"

      From https://physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/comment_on_NYT_latour....

    • kayo_20211030 5 days ago |
      > Since the settlement of a controversy is the cause of Nature's representation, not its consequence, we can never use this consequence, Nature, to explain how and why a controversy has been settled.

      I don't understand why you find this so objectionable.

      If I grasp Latour's point, the settlement of a controversy fixes an understanding of nature at a particular point (the causal effect). It seems sensible then to forbid that understanding of nature to be used as an explanation for why the controversy was settled. Doing that would affix an absoluteness to the understanding that's unjustified, given the empirical approach. At some point in the future some new anomaly in the understanding (Nature) will be discovered, leading to a controversy, empirical science will resolve it, and a new understanding will be synthesized; handing us a representation. It's probably better than the earlier representation, but it's still not all of Nature.

      I think Latour's view is a humble view.

    • _notreallyme_ 5 days ago |
      I've had him as a sociology teacher in the early 2000s, specifically on this subject (controversies).

      It was apparently his first time in this school, and he was not prepared for the controversy that happened due to his (controversial) stance on the scientific method. He ended up calling us names, and privileged kids (that part was 97% true, but not entirely true...).

      It's only after his death that many articles praising him appeared. I guess people capitalize on its notoriety rather than on whatever bullshit he wrote...

      • Animats 5 days ago |
        > (controversial) stance on the scientific method.

        That stance is well-covered here.[1]

        Some of the problems in science come from experiments too close to the noise threshold. This is most of social science and psychology. The hard-line position is Rutherford's "If your experiment needs statistics, you ought to have done a better experiment." Related to this is Hoyle's "Science is prediction, not explanation." For phenomena that led to useful engineering, repeatability and predictability are very good. Otherwise the products won't work.

        People tend to forget this, because controversial research topics are often close to the noise threshold. It something turns out to be real, and you can get it to happen further from the threshold, it becomes routine engineering. It's then no longer controversial. Your result gets a few lines in the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. This sort of science makes the world go.

        Philip K. Dick's “Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn’t go away” remains useful.

        Taking this hard-line position is useful, because humans are evolved and wired to see patterns near the noise threshold. This is a useful survival strategy for detecting predators in the brush, even with a high false-alarm rate. Once past survival level, it's less useful.

        [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/magazine/bruno-latour-pos...

  • libraryofbabel 5 days ago |
    The article, by Stephen Shapin (another famous figure in the history of science / STS) is actually mostly about Latour’s Catholicism — something nobody in the field remembers. (I had to read a lot of Latour back in the day, and I’d always assumed he was non religious like most late 20th century intellectuals.) According to Shapin, the Catholicism, together with the climate emergency, is at the heart of his “seriousness”, although apparently he didn’t really do “belief” per se:

    > in his own words, religion was not to do with “belief.” God was not an entity you believed in: God did not exist outside of the practices—what Bruno called “the processions and rituals” that make Him present. That is, God is made manifest in an actor-network of religiosity.

    The other interesting things you learn here is that Latour was from the famous Latour wine family, he was a youngest son so his family kind of expected him to enter the church, and they were apparently unimpressed and uninterested in his academic career.

  • Animats 5 days ago |
    > "Much of his writing resists analysis while encouraging repetition and undeformed travel. It is often hard to understand but easier to chant."

    Now, who does that make you think of?