• jonhohle 20 hours ago |
    > That creates a problem for supermassive black holes.

    I don’t think the black holes are the ones with the problem.

  • tlogan 19 hours ago |
    Can it be that black holes are mainly eating dark matter?

    Or maybe they already proved that black holes consume some dark matter but at a much lower rate to explained this.

    • Ygg2 19 hours ago |
      Maybe phlogiston really has both negative and imaginary mass. /Snark

      I think this and JWST early galaxy findings mean we don't really understand gravity.

      • MrMcCall 18 hours ago |
        Phlogiston is such a great bit of the history of "science".

        >> we don't really understand gravity

        I would say that what we don't understand is how the universe is structurally layered, vibrationally/dimensionally. That 5/6ths of the matter is missing lines up with our physical dimension (of energy and matter) being only one of six onionish dimensional layers, all contained within the same 3-space.

        The five dimensions are three of space (x,y,z), one of time (t), and one of dimensional vibration (?). That's the structure, but I have neither the maths nor the details to divine how everything is interrelated. All the dimensions' matter does combine to contribute to the inertia of the galaxies we can see.

        What is particularly difficult is that we can only measure our dimension's matter & energy with our tools, which are, of course, made of our matter & energy. In specific high-energy experiments, however, we can get some crossover of, e.g., anti-particles appearing on our side of the "wall".

        That's the structure, as far as I understand it. The rest will require much maths and experiments and exploring the unknown. That is what Einstein did to expand Newton's understanding. There's at least one more level-up needed to encompass our measured corner-case phenomena.

        • toast0 16 hours ago |
          > Phlogiston is such a great bit of the history of "science".

          Based on a quick read on wikipedia, Phlogiston goes well with darkons and holes.

    • MrMcCall 19 hours ago |
      It may be that black holes punch through the barrier that separates us from our neighboring dimension(s), where the dark matter exists (and where our matter is dark matter to them). How that relates to your second sentence is well beyond my understanding.

      There are six total vibrational dimensions, inhabiting this same 3-space, with no direct physics-style interaction between them except (somehow?!) collectively contributing to the totality of inertia that keeps the galaxies from flying apart.

      All I have are breadcrumbs, my friend, and some understanding of how it fits into our lives.

    • digging 18 hours ago |
      It's possible, but only because we don't know what dark matter is. But that doesn't seem to be a leading explanation.
  • miskatonic 19 hours ago |
    An inverse Dyson sphere.
  • duerra 19 hours ago |
    I think once we finally get this all sorted out, future humans will find it hilarious that so many people were convinced that dark matter was real and particles we could not detect made up 80% of the universe.
    • beastman82 18 hours ago |
      Completely agree and feel the same way about dark energy.
      • MrMcCall 18 hours ago |
        Dark energy is the force that counteracts the combined gravity of our enormous universe. It also keeps the electrons flowing around the nucleus, but not into it.

        The universe started with a single Big Bang, but is maintained by an interrelated force continually applied that keeps allowing it to resist collapse, the resulting system allowing local minima such as Earth's sweet spot of smallish sun + gentle orbit.

        It's almost like it was designed to be perfect, with nicely balancing counterforces, all set in a sea of brutal extrema, and all set to mathematically clockwork precision that is discoverable by intelligent inhabitants, whose bodies, themselves, operate under those same physical laws. Almost ;-)

        • ceejayoz 18 hours ago |
          > It's almost like it was designed to be perfect…

          It’s almost like the ones that aren’t ideal for life don’t tend to have much life to notice that fact.

        • gus_massa 18 hours ago |
          > [Dark energy] also keeps the electrons flowing around the nucleus, but not into it.

          That's totaly wrong. The movenent of electrons arround rhe nucleus is explained by the Schoedinger equation that does not use dark energy at all.

        • jdhwosnhw 17 hours ago |
          > It also keeps the electrons flowing around the nucleus, but not into it.

          Asa cautionary note to other readers, this statement is not consistent with any theory of which I am aware, and it’s certainly not a concept accepted by mainstream physics

    • irrational 18 hours ago |
      The next thing you will tell us is the Aether is not real.
    • cowsup 17 hours ago |
      I find such thoughts exciting. In the future, children will be taught basic facts that, to us in the first half of the 21st century, are some of the most complicated questions of the universe.
      • scotty79 17 hours ago |
        I think knowledge about universe will be mostly the same but streamlined. In our modern day science we have a lot of concepts that exist only because of the path we took to get to where we are now.

        Most of these interpretations will be cut out once a better ways to proper undestanding is found. I imagine electrons shells, wave function collapse, pseudo-vectors, relativistic mass, xyz ... will go away quickly to be replaced with more suitable concepts previously (and still) held back by necessity of humans to be able to do some math with pen and paper.

        • gus_massa 6 hours ago |
          > electrons shells

          Not going away. It's based too directly in quantum mechanics principles, and the same tools are used in too may other problems with good results. If you talk to a hard core physicist, they may explain some minor corrections, but the simple model is 99% accurate and the corrections quite technical. Perhaps there is a better theory in the future, but it will be very weird, you really don't want to know it.

          > wave function collapse

          It's going away, but it may take 500 years. Nobody likes wave function colapse. There is people working to eliminate it, but we have no clue if it's hard, very hard or impossible. I think that a combination of the so-called-many-worlds-interpretation and something-something-decoherence will solve it in 50 years, or 100 years or 500 years. I'm optimistic, but it may take a while......

          > pseudo-vectors

          Solved? The problem is drawing normal vectors that are 1-forms and pseudo-vectors that are mostly 2-forms in the same space. Most pseudo-vectors are like a tiny surface area instead of a tiny arrow. But people love to draw all of them as arrows and that causes the problem. Also, in special relativity the electric field (vector) and magnetic field (pseudo-vector) are combined in a single weird entity that fixes the problem. There is still the problem with the weak force, but I think it's solved once you replace mass with the Higgs boson. So it's "solved" if you like to use a little more math and want to translate it to everyone else that likes arrows.

          > relativistic mass

          Solved. Most modern Special Relativity books try to avoid relativistic mass. The problem is that you need number to accelerate to one side and a different number to accelerate to the front/rear. So it's better to skip it and use other equations. The usual "relativistic mass" is good for accelerations to one side to get circular movements, so it's nice for some problems.

          > xyz

          I have no idea what it means.

    • ggambetta 16 hours ago |
      THANK YOU. I've been saying this for years: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21279144
  • aurareturn 19 hours ago |
    On the topic of black holes, there is a recent paper on black holes potentially converting mass into dark energy: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/10...

    I'm not a physicist but it's interesting to think about the implications:

    1. No singularity at the center of a black hole

    2. Universe's expansion rate is not constant because it's blackholes powering it with matter

    3. Eventually expansion slows, stops and reverses

    And now my own crazy ideas:

    1. Maybe the universe is a inside a black hole

    2. Maybe the big bang was a result of the birth of another black hole somewhere else, and that the rapid expansion rate of the early universe was due to the a huge amount of matter converted into dark energy by this black hole

    • fastball 18 hours ago |
      Is your crazy idea not effectively the oscillating universe theory proposed by Einstein?
    • jdonaldson 18 hours ago |
      If that’s the case, why was it a bang instead of a slow leak?
      • YoukaiCountry 18 hours ago |
        The initial collapse of a star into the black hole would have been the big bang.
    • prettyStandard 18 hours ago |
      It's not crazy. I'm no physicist, but I understand the math of the Big bang is similar to that of a White hole.

      What gets a little mind bending for me is the idea that the physics inside the black hole can differ slightly from the ancestor universe. So black holes will preferentially create descendant universes that prefer to create more black holes.

      This is a different multiverse theory than the quantum many worlds theory. The limitation of quantum many worlds is that the physics doesn't change. But in the ancestor black hole many worlds theory it does.

      When you put these together, you can get an even larger multiverse, where anything that can happen does happen, but only if the laws of physics allow for black holes. That may mean the Marvel Cinematic Universe, is out there somewhere, so long as those laws of physics allow for black holes. Right? Again not a physicist.

      • deadbabe 18 hours ago |
        Not even close. There’s an infinite amount of numbers in between 0 and 1. But in an infinite multiverse for each of those numbers, you could never see 2.
        • prettyStandard 16 hours ago |
          Thanks, this is helpful.

          So first we need to answer does math follow physics or does physics follow math?

          If math follows physics, and the physics is changing across universes in the multiverse in question, then no you're assertion is wrong.

          If physics follows math, then we would have to go up the level higher, and we're not talking about that right now.

        • goalieca 11 hours ago |
          If I spend long enough, I can count whole numbers to infinity. I cannot possibly count all the numbers between 0 and 1. This so why real numbers have a whole different magnitude of infinity from integers.
      • bryanrasmussen 17 hours ago |
        According To Tegmark's reasoning the MCU could be out there, black holes not a prerequisite but

        "there are all sizes of infinity, some infinities are bigger than others. The infinity of Real numbers is bigger than the infinity of all positive numbers, and it should be noted that while the infinity of all positive numbers is infinite the number 3 only shows up in it once."

        https://medium.com/luminasticity/the-marvel-cinematic-multiv...

    • techjamie 18 hours ago |
      > Maybe the big bang was a result of the birth of another black hole somewhere else, and that the rapid expansion rate of the early universe was due to the a huge amount of matter converted into dark energy by this black hole

      There is actually a theory that black holes create universes inside them, and that our universe could be underneath countless layers of black holes forming universes that form black holes ad infinitum.

      There is a Kurzgestadt video[0] that discusses the theory in more detail. Granted, this is in the realm of science where we have no idea if this is remotely true, but that's part for the course when black holes are involved.

      [0] https://youtube.com/watch?v=71eUes30gwc

      • leptons 17 hours ago |
        >There is actually a theory that black holes create universes inside them

        Calling it a "theory" is kind of wrong, it's not a "theory" according to the classical definition of the word. The word has been diluted over time to mean any thought anyone has about anything, but it used to mean something that has been proven by observation and empirical evidence. Yes, I'm being pedantic.

        >A "classical" definition of a theory refers to a well-established, comprehensive explanation of a phenomenon, based on a body of evidence and often including clearly defined principles or laws, signifying a robust and widely accepted understanding of a subject, as opposed to a mere hypothesis or speculation; essentially, a "theory" in the true scientific sense

        >Granted, this is in the realm of science where we have no idea if this is remotely true, but that's part for the course when black holes are involved.

        I'm not sure this qualifies as "science". It's more like stoner speculation.

        Science is defined as:

        >"The systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and the testing of theories against the evidence obtained."

        There is no observation, experimentation, or testing of theories that could ever happen for these notions about black holes and the universe(s).

        It could be that the universe is a giant egg laid by a giant chicken, and that is just as plausible as "black holes create universes inside them" as far as we know.

        • Permik 17 hours ago |
          Theories are always in a sense speculative, as they build upon other theories and measurements. And as measurements aren't definitive, but just a standardized way of comparing results, theories are just an abstract framework how we have a shared understanding of the world around us.

          Theories usually are just based on other theories and just create a theory from the current available data. The less data you have, the larger the possible space that your theory might lie in.

          Hypotheses are usually things that rework theories because we have some new data that showed that our theories were inaccurate/false/invalid and builds a new framework that more accurately models the data and theories that we have.

          Take this just with grain of salt, this is just a philosophical view of the meanings of the words as I understand them.

    • machina_ex_deus 18 hours ago |
      The universe is not inside a black hole. Inside black holes the radial coordinate is time like, which is definitely not true in our universe, where the time coordinate is timelike, and the radial coordinate is space like.

      Inside of black holes looks nothing like ordinary spacetime. Inside black hole, everything in your future is with decreasing radial coordinate, which means space is shrinking until you hit the singularity where radial coordinate is zero and you have no future.

      • dustingetz 18 hours ago |
        No, this depends on your choice of coordinate system - has been debunked N times on physics reddit in virtually every thread that it comes up. The EH itself is not a singularity in the observers reference frame as they cross it nor do they particularly notice when they do.
        • machina_ex_deus 17 hours ago |
          I never said EH is a singularity. I said you could notice you're inside as your timelike coordinate becomes the radial coordinate. That's something you could easily notice if you look around, it would correspond to a shrinking universe, and our universe is expanding.

          The "you won't notice crossing the event horizon" troupe is true only in a very local sense. If you move around and observe the geometry around you, you can definitely tell you're inside a black hole.

          • dustingetz 15 hours ago |
            • machina_ex_deus 14 hours ago |
              The fact that radial coordinate is timelike inside the event horizon doesn't change when you change coordinate systems. The radial direction remains timelike in kruskal coordinates. Direction being space like or time like is independent of coordinate system.
          • KolenCh 13 hours ago |
            As the black hole getting larger, it is more difficult to notice this difference (of crossing the event horizon or “observe the geometry around you”.) and as we are talking about the whole visible universe being inside a black hole, we are in this extreme large scale.

            Also, I’m not sure why you’re arguing about the radial coordinate being time-like. You can only measure in your own local reference frame. You wouldn’t necessarily be able to transform between your own local reference frame to the blackhole’s if you don’t know you’re in one.

            The universe as a black hole is actually a very old idea: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_cosmology

            I’m not saying we are in one, but I’m saying it is not as obviously false as you might be arguing.

      • gpderetta 15 hours ago |
        There is a singularity in our past. Are we in a white hole?
    • gooseyard 16 hours ago |
      you might enjoy some of Lee Smolin's writing on the "Fecund Universes Theory"